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    Chapter 2
                           
    Computer programs inside the conscious
    The robot will sense data from the environment through 
    its 5 senses:  sight, sound, taste, touch and smell.  Target objects are 
    objects the robot recognizes from the environment.  The brain of the robot 
    will extract element objects that have strong association with their 
    respective target objects.  All element objects from all target objects will 
    compete with one another to be activated in the mind.  These activated 
    thoughts are known as the conscious of the robot.
    There are two types of conscious thoughts:  open 
    activation and hidden activation.  The open activations are element objects 
    that are presented to the conscious and the robot is aware of the data.  On 
    the other hand, hidden activations are element objects that are not 
    presented to the conscious and the robot is unaware of the data.  Extremely 
    complex tasks in memory, such as problem solving, will require both open and 
    hidden activation.   
    Think of the conscious as a “memory bubble” that takes in and modify 
    data; and the modified data instruct the robot to take action (FIG. 5A - 
    5B).  Inside the conscious is a computer program (or a series of 
    interconnected computer programs) that manipulate data in the conscious.  
    The intelligent pathways extracted from memory and used by the robot 
    generate this computer program.
     FIG. 5A
    
    
    
    
    The intelligent pathways control the data in the 
    conscious by adding, deleting and manipulating data.  They also control the 
    searching and extracting of data from memory.  The instructions inside the 
    intelligent pathways will have search functions that will extract relevant 
    data, based on a situation, and put them into the conscious.  Some data will 
    be extracted from memory, while other data will be extracted from long-term 
    memory.   
    There are also other things the intelligent pathways in 
    memory can do.  They can control the comparing of data; or the analyzing of 
    two or more data from the conscious.  These intelligent pathways can even 
    predict the future and generate a computer program to output future events 
    of what might happen based on the current environment.   
    The conscious actually does many other things for the 
    robot.  Some of these things include:  giving knowledge about an object, 
    providing meaning to language, solving problems, answering questions, 
    identifying grammar structure, following orders, planning tasks, solving 
    interruptions of tasks, managing multiple tasks at that same time, following 
    the rules of a game, coming up with imagination and so forth.  The 
    intelligent pathways in memory allow the conscious of the robot to do all 
    these things (and more).   
     
    Important data in the conscious
    The conscious does many different things for the 
    robot.  Four of the most important things the conscious does are:  1.  
    manage tasks.  2.  establish rules to follow, based on the tasks.  3.  
    planning steps to achieve tasks.  4.  know identity.  Referring to FIG. 6, 
    there are four containers the computer program in the conscious generated as 
    a result of intelligent pathways:  the task container, the rules container, 
    the planning container and the identity container.  All data from all four 
    containers influence each other one way or another.  For example, the rules 
    will influence what tasks to follow/abort and the planning information will 
    influence what rules to follow or what tasks to do.
    
    
    These containers are just temporary caches inside the 
    conscious that was generated by intelligent pathways in memory.  Based on 
    the current environment, the robot selects an optimal pathway from memory 
    and that optimal pathway has instructions to create containers so that 
    groups of data could be manipulated and logical thoughts and actions can be 
    had by the robot.  The intelligent pathways create any type of computer 
    program or discrete mathematical functions to manipulate data in the 
    conscious -- a database system, an operating system to manage multiple 
    threads, a word processor, an image processor, a search engine, or any 
    software program.   
     
    Storing and retrieving data in memory
    In current database systems, a computer programmer has 
    to create the storage functions and the search functions.  In a human robot, 
    the brain is made in such a way that the storage and retrieval of data is 
    based on learned knowledge.  Teachers teach the robot how to store data in 
    memory and patterns within these lessons will establish how to store and 
    retrieve data in memory.             
     
    Data in memory are based on pathways – the robot learns 
    knowledge by taking in movie sequences from the environment through its 5 
    senses:  sight, sound, taste, touch and smell.  These pathways can store 
    static data, which are data in pathways that exists.  For example, the robot 
    is looking at a TV guide for this week.  The TV guide for this week is one 
    static data stored in memory.  Last weeks TV guide or the weeks before are 
    also individual static data.  Pathways can also store linear data.  For 
    example, the linear steps to solving the ABC block problem is linear data – 
    these pathways store the linear steps the robot has to follow in order to 
    solve the ABC block problem.
    The data in memory can also be in any 5 senses:  sight, 
    sound, taste, touch or smell; and each sense can be represented in different 
    ways.  A music song belongs to sound and an action movie belongs to sight 
    and sound.  All these 5 sense data can be either static data or linear data 
    (or both).           
    Organization of data is done through hierarchical 
    association.  A network of data that have relations to each other, based on 
    the robot’s experiences, will knit themselves together.  The more two 
    objects are encountered by the robot; and the closer these objects are from 
    one another, the more association they will have with each other.
    Although data is based on hierarchical association, the 
    real factor that organizes them in memory is intelligent pathways.  Teachers 
    will teach the robot how to store data in memory.  They will teach the robot 
    which are important data and which aren’t.  For example, if a teacher gives 
    a 2 hour lecture on nanotechnology, the robot will identify the most 
    important data from the lecture and store them in memory.  These important 
    data will have top priority, while minor or repeated data will have low 
    priority.  Another example would be if someone tells the robot a 2 hour 
    story.  The robot can summarize the story into 3 sentences.  That 2 hour 
    story can be represented by 3 sentences.  The 2 hour story can also be 
    represented by a simple fabricated movie.   
     
    Learning forms
    Let’s say that there is an object composite of a person 
    Dave in the robot’s memory.  Dave is a good friend of the robot and they 
    have been friends for many years.  The robot will store a network of data 
    concerning dave (which is called an object composite).  How does the object 
    composite of dave structure the data in a hierarchical manner?  How do we 
    know that the face of dave is more important than the leg of dave?  How do 
    we know that a name of a person is more important than their age?  How do we 
    know that important facts about dave should be prominent in the network? 
    
    
    The answer is by lessons learned in school.  Teachers 
    taught us, through class lessons, to always focus on a person’s face to 
    identify them.  This intelligent lesson instructs us to always look at a 
    person’s face to id them.  By focusing on a person’s face, the face becomes 
    stronger and it will be the dominant encapsulated object in a human object.  
    Another factor is that human beings focus on the face because it gets their 
    attention.  The voice of a person comes from the face, so we innately focus 
    on the face.   
    The last example shows us how the encapsulated object 
    “face” is the dominant object in the object “person”, but what about 
    information about a person?  How do we know that a person’s name is the most 
    important id?  The answer is from observing different fillable forms.  
    Notice that in all forms or database entries, the name is the first data 
    representing a person.  By looking at forms, we can also map out the second 
    or third most important data about a person.  We know that age, gender, 
    phone number and address are the most likely secondary data listed in a 
    form.   
    We can also use intelligent pathways to determine what 
    are major or minor data regarding a person.  For example, rarely does anyone 
    want to know a person’s religion or what their pet’s name is.  These data 
    are considered minor data.
    Intelligent pathways learn these things innately or by 
    lessons from teachers in how data should be organized.  Referring to FIG. 7, 
    the diagram shows an object composite (a network) on dave.  These data have 
    relations to each other based on association.  In data1, a form of dave is 
    present, whereby it is a static data; which lists major information about 
    dave such as his name, phone number, age and occupation.  In data2, a visual 
    movie of dave is present and the face of dave is the most prominent data.  
    The movie sequence can be static data or linear data.  It could be an 
    experience the robot had when encountering dave in the past.  The last data, 
    data3, is a sound recording of dave when the robot was talking to him on the 
    phone.  This sound recording has voice patterns that distinguish dave from 
    anyone else.
    
    FIG. 7 
    
     
    Lessons learned in school to organize data in 
    memory          
    Lessons in school will create intelligent pathways in 
    memory that will interpret data.  If the robot had to listen to a 2 hour 
    lecture from a boss; and in the two hours, the boss has given 1 command 
    sentence, the robot is intelligent and will id and remember the command 
    sentence.  All other data in the 2 hour lecture is minor data, but the 
    important data is the command sentence.  The robot can also use intelligent 
    pathways to summarize and interpret what the boss wants the robot to do in 
    the future.  
    Maybe, in the 2 hour lecture, there is no clear command 
    sentence or the boss doesn’t specifically tell the robot what to do.  The 
    boss is telling the robot ambiguously what he should do in the future.  
    Intelligent pathways in the robot’s memory interpret the 2 hour lecture and 
    summarize it so that the robot understands the most important information.  
    These activated element objects are the robot’s conscious that are generated 
    by intelligent pathways.  These conscious thoughts help to better organize 
    data in memory.
    Referring to FIG. 8, in the 2 hour lecture, the robot 
    was able to activate conscious thoughts that relate to objects, events and 
    actions.  Some of these activated thoughts are logical analysis, summarizing 
    of events, additional data related to objects and so forth.  These activated 
    thoughts (or element objects) help organize data in memory when the current 
    pathway self-organize in memory.  Objects, events and actions are delineated 
    and boundaries are set, whereby individual data are hierarchically 
    structured.  For example, the 2 hour lecture is grouped as one data.  Within 
    the 2 hour lecture are topic1, topic2 and topic3.  Within each topic are 
    their respective inner groupings.  Additional data like summarizing and id 
    of an important command sentence also help group data in memory in an 
    intelligent manner.   
    
     FIG. 8                             
    Activated thoughts to organize data
     
    
     
    Thus, when the robot wants to search for data on the 2 
    hour lecture experience, he can search the actual pathway45 or search the 
    activated thoughts (element objects) to find data.  In fact, if the robot’s 
    brain searches the activated sentences, the search process will be much 
    faster.  For example, if topic2 was a speech on nanotechnology, the search 
    function will go into topic2; and since topic2 has reference points to the 
    beginning and ending of topic2, it can search for more specific data on 
    topic2.  This would be much faster than searching all data in 
    pathway45.       
    Pathways in memory forget data and pathway45 can break 
    up into a plurality of fragmented pathways.  The activated element objects 
    help the robot’s brain to reference data even when pathway45 is forgotten.  
    For example, if the robot experience pathway45 10 years ago, he can still 
    recall some images and activated thoughts.  He might not be able to remember 
    everything, but the most important data is still stored in memory. 
     
     
    Compatibility for different data types
     
    All data in memory has same, similar or different data 
    types.  Referring to FIG. 7, data1, data2 and data3 are all in different 
    data types and the length of each data is different.  How will the search 
    function find specific data or analyze data or compare different data 
    types???  The answer is through intelligent pathways stored in the robot’s 
    memory.  
     
    
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